Passive+Systems


 * Passive Systems **
 * Systems which perform a useful task minimizing the use of electrical or mechanical components. **

South facing glass, Thermal mass to absorb, store, and distribute heat
 * Passive Solar Heating- **
 * Direct Gain-living area as solar collector, thermal mass materials in floors and walls, utilizes 60-75% of energy striking windows
 * Indirect Gain
 * Trombe walls-thermal mass immediately behind south facing glass with vents at top and bottom of wall
 * minimum of 4 inches between glass and thermal mass. vents must be closed at night,
 * well insulated home (7-9 BTU/day-sq. ft.-degree F) requires ~0.20 sq ft of thermal mass wall/sq ft of floor area or 0.15 square foot of water wall. less with movable night insulation
 * thermal wall 10-14” for brick, 12-18” for concrete, 8-12”for adobe or other earth material and at least 6” for water.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">roof pond systems- 6 to 12 inches of water on flat roof,
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">require elaborate drainage systems, movable insulation and structural systems to support up to 65lbs/ sq ft.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Isolated Gain-sun room separate from rest of house
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">15-30% of sunlight towards heating living areas
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">with masonry thermal wall, use 0.30 square feet of south glazing/sq ft living space floor area. with water wall between sun room and living space instead of masonry, use 0.20 square feet of south facing glass/sq ft living area.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://passivesolar.sustainablesources.com/#guidelines__] **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Passive Solar Lighting ****
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Place the majority of the windows on the south side of the house. Use different sized windows throughout the house.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Be mindful of the movement of light throughout the house during the day and try to orient the rooms in a way that inhabitants will move with the passive light. ie morning sun lights bedroom windows, midday sun lights kitchen or living room.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Have an open floor plan that allows sunlight passing through the windows to continue unobstructed through the home. Avoid placing walls and other high objects directly in front of windows.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Use multi-function skylights in bathrooms, living spaces and kitchen. If we were to use multi-functioning skylights, we could use PV Integrated Skylights (ONYX).


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Passive Air Cleaning ****
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">HEPA - high efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA-Like filters are not as good!)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Pre-Filters - <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> traps large particles entering the purifier protecting the purifier and extending the life of HEPA filters and inside components
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Activated Carbon Air Filter - ideal for adsorbing gases and odors that are too small to be trapped by a HEPA filter. They are an add-on filter and are rarely used alone.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Antibacterial and Germicidal Air Cleaner - HEPA filter treated with antimicrobial agents to control growth of bacteria, viruses, and mold
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Electrostatic Air Purifier/Precipitator- uses electronic cells to charge particles within the purifier and immediately trap them on collector plates. These plates then can be hand washed
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eco-Wall; Plant purification systems built inside along a wall to clean particles and chemicals in and around the house.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">cooling. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Use strategically located vents (located low on the windward, ideally north-facing, facade and high on the leeward facade) to take advantage of natural convection and draw cool air in while letting hot air escape. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">allowing hot air out <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">materials like brick and stone, can keep cool air inside a house. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">coated with reflective film
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Passive Cooling **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Many of the same principles that apply to passive heating can also be used for passive **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Orientation: build the house so that its longer faces are on the East/West plane **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Thermal chimneys offer another means of using natural convection to cool a house **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Unlike thermal chimneys, Wind chimneys draw cool breezes into the house rather than **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Paint can be used to reflect heat, although this can present problems in colder climates **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ex. CoolWall Systems <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.texcote.com/coolwall.php__] **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Landscape design can be used to shield a house from the sun **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Strategic placement of shades and overhangs, when used in conjunction with high-thermal mass **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Window glazing: use windows with low thermal conductivity(i.e. double-glazed) and that are **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">• Insulation: resistance insulation and/or air cavities **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Passive Water Heating **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There are two main types of passive solar water heating: **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1)The Batch System- **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· simplest of all solar water heating systems **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· consists of one or more metal water tank painted with heat-absorbing black coating, placed in an insulating box/container with a glass or plastic cover that will allow sunlight to contact the tank directly **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· The storage tank acts as a water collector as well **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Each time a hot water tap is opened, heated water will leave the tank and will be replaced with incoming cold water **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Piping should be highly insulated (cold nights make standing cold water vulnerable to freezing!) **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Most effectively used if hot water is drawn in the afternoon or evening (temp of tank is highest) [[image:https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/uFXp-vD4FDo1mZBV63w0tBhyl9p8_V3Dwe44Z6G1tVW2ftto3mC-wkRKuz-coKNIzu1j9ZlK620eZKah7-2u8modudpBo49N-gf4dkEs0TxO3_s3rm8 width="341px;" height="351px;"]]**


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2)Thermosiphon Systems- **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Uses a flat plate collector and separate storage tank should be located higher than collector. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Heated water coming from the top of the collector is dispatched in the top of the storage tank **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Colder water from bottom of storage tank will be drawn into lower entry of solar collector to replace the heated water that just left **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· More complicated and more costly **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· [[image:https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/odFfQkuR_V7rQHKd5nLFYhR5BNVSMRvi-OFSAzTkH52aPdwWRTTybU5AgiswvKQDZE_flSfCbWf3GImHmUttVsMywGWXbJrZXuDzEblnZOCoY7jskqU width="404px;" height="251px;"]]**
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Sizing of both systems are based on a usage of 20 gallons of hot water per person per day **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· System is not sized for 100% energy requirement 9backup source needed) **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://solarheatcool.sustainablesources.com/#PASSIVEDHW__] **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 17px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To prevent heat loss windows should be triple-paned and krypton filled. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 17px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Open living concept, natural lighting, passive solar heat. In-floor radiant heat, solar hot water heater, solar photovoltaic energy. Native Dubuque limestone. Living wall biological air filter (indoor air quality enhancement). Steel shingle roof, structural insulated panels, insulated concrete forms. Rain water collection system. **